IT security

IT security comprises all technical and organisational measures used to protect IT systems, networks and data. Its core objectives are the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. On the technical side, measures include firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, encryption, network segmentation, access control, endpoint security, backup concepts and monitoring. Organisationally, these are complemented by policies, role and permission concepts, patch management, contingency plans and staff training. Standards such as ISO 27001 and the German BSI baseline protection provide guidance, while requirements from the GDPR and NIS2 set the legal framework. Threats range from ransomware and phishing to advanced persistent threats, misconfigurations and insider activity. Effective IT security is therefore understood as a continuous process of analysis, implementation, monitoring and adjustment.