Network Layer

The Network Layer is Layer 3 of the OSI reference model and is responsible for forwarding data packets between different networks. Its core functions include logical addressing, path selection and routing packets towards their destination networks. The Internet Protocol, including IPv4 and IPv6, is the primary protocol associated with this layer. Routers and Layer 3 switches operate at the Network Layer and make forwarding decisions based on IP addresses and routing tables. Routing protocols such as OSPF, IS-IS and BGP can provide information about reachable networks and support the selection of suitable paths. The Network Layer therefore enables communication across network boundaries and provides an essential foundation for enterprise networks, WAN connections and the internet.