Router

A router connects different networks and forwards data packets to the next destination based on the IP destination address. It operates at the network layer of the OSI model and bases its decisions on the routing table, which is populated through static entries or dynamic protocols such as OSPF, BGP and EIGRP. In addition to path selection, routers perform further functions including network address translation, DHCP, firewall features, VPN termination and quality of service. Routers are deployed at the internet perimeter, for connecting sites, between VLANs and in provider networks. Key selection criteria include throughput, interface configuration, supported protocols, VPN performance and licensing scope. A router differs from a switch, which forwards packets within a single network segment based on MAC addresses.