Spanning Tree

Spanning Tree refers to a mechanism for preventing network loops in Ethernet networks with redundant connections. It is based on the Spanning Tree Protocol, or STP, which operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model. Switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units and initially determine a Root Bridge. A loop-free logical tree topology is then created by preventing selected redundant paths from forwarding regular traffic. If an active connection fails, a previously blocked path can become available depending on the protocol in use. This allows network redundancy without creating broadcast storms or repeatedly forwarded frames. In addition to traditional STP, enhanced versions include Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol, which provide capabilities such as faster convergence or support for multiple spanning tree instances.